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C# 與 SkiaSharp 平移技巧全解析:掌握核心指南

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SkiaSharp中的平移變換是構(gòu)建復(fù)雜圖形應(yīng)用的基礎(chǔ)。本文介紹了平移變換的基本原理、實(shí)現(xiàn)方法以及實(shí)際應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景,希望能幫助開(kāi)發(fā)者更好地理解和應(yīng)用這一技術(shù)。

平移變換是計(jì)算機(jī)圖形學(xué)中最基本的變換之一,它允許我們將圖形在坐標(biāo)系中移動(dòng)位置,而不改變其形狀和大小。在SkiaSharp中,平移變換是通過(guò)矩陣運(yùn)算來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的,它是構(gòu)建復(fù)雜圖形應(yīng)用的基礎(chǔ)。

本文將深入探討SkiaSharp中的平移變換,提供詳細(xì)的代碼示例和實(shí)際應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景,幫助開(kāi)發(fā)者充分掌握這一基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)。

SkiaSharp基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)

在深入了解平移變換之前,讓我們先簡(jiǎn)單了解一下SkiaSharp。

SkiaSharp是Google的Skia圖形庫(kù)的.NET綁定,提供了高性能的2D圖形API。它可以在多個(gè)平臺(tái)上運(yùn)行,包括Windows、macOS、iOS、Android和Linux,是跨平臺(tái)圖形應(yīng)用的理想選擇。

使用SkiaSharp需要安裝以下NuGet包:

Install-Package SkiaSharp
Install-Package SkiaSharp.Views.WindowsForms

平移變換的基本原理

在SkiaSharp中,平移變換基于以下矩陣運(yùn)算:

| 1 0 tx |
| 0 1 ty |
| 0 0 1  |

其中tx和ty分別表示X軸和Y軸的平移量。

在SkiaSharp中實(shí)現(xiàn)平移變換

使用Canvas.Translate方法

最直接的平移方法是使用SKCanvasTranslate方法:

using SkiaSharp.Views.Desktop;
using SkiaSharp;

namespace AppTranslation
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            // 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)SkiaSharp控件  
            SKControl skControl = new SKControl();
            skControl.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
            skControl.PaintSurface += SkControl_PaintSurface;

            // 將控件添加到窗體  
            this.Controls.Add(skControl);
        }

        private void SkControl_PaintSurface(object sender, SKPaintSurfaceEventArgs e)
        {
            // 獲取畫(huà)布和相關(guān)信息  
            SKSurface surface = e.Surface;

            // 創(chuàng)建畫(huà)布  
            using (SKCanvas canvas = surface.Canvas)
            {
                // 清除背景  
                canvas.Clear(SKColors.White);

                // 創(chuàng)建畫(huà)筆  
                using (SKPaint paint = new SKPaint
                {
                    Color = SKColors.Blue,
                    StrokeWidth = 5,
                    IsAntialias = true,
                    Style = SKPaintStyle.Stroke
                })
                {
                    // 繪制原始矩形  
                    canvas.DrawRect(10, 10, 100, 100, paint);

                    // 應(yīng)用平移變換 (向右移動(dòng)150像素,向下移動(dòng)50像素)  
                    canvas.Translate(150, 50);

                    // 繪制平移后的矩形 (注意坐標(biāo)還是使用原來(lái)的坐標(biāo))  
                    paint.Color = SKColors.Red;
                    canvas.DrawRect(10, 10, 100, 100, paint);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

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使用SKMatrix進(jìn)行平移

更靈活的方式是使用SKMatrix

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using SkiaSharp;
using SkiaSharp.Views.Desktop;

namespace AppTranslation
{
    public partial class Form2 : Form
    {
        public Form2()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            // 創(chuàng)建 SKControl 控件  
            SKControl skControl = new SKControl();
            skControl.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
            skControl.PaintSurface += SKControl_PaintSurface;

            this.Controls.Add(skControl);
        }

        private void SKControl_PaintSurface(object sender, SKPaintSurfaceEventArgs e)
        {
            SKSurface surface = e.Surface;

            using (SKCanvas canvas = surface.Canvas)
            {
                canvas.Clear(SKColors.White);

                using (SKPaint paint = new SKPaint
                {
                    Color = SKColors.Blue,
                    StrokeWidth = 5,
                    IsAntialias = true,
                    Style = SKPaintStyle.Stroke
                })
                {
                    // 繪制原始矩形  
                    canvas.DrawRect(10, 10, 100, 100, paint);

                    // 創(chuàng)建平移矩陣  
                    SKMatrix matrix = SKMatrix.CreateTranslation(150, 50);

                    // 應(yīng)用變換  
                    canvas.SetMatrix(matrix);

                    // 繪制平移后的矩形  
                    paint.Color = SKColors.Red;
                    canvas.DrawRect(10, 10, 100, 100, paint);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

復(fù)雜應(yīng)用示例

創(chuàng)建動(dòng)畫(huà)效果

以下是一個(gè)使用平移變換創(chuàng)建簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)畫(huà)的例子:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using SkiaSharp.Views.Desktop;
using SkiaSharp;
using Timer = System.Windows.Forms.Timer;

namespace AppTranslation
{
    public partial class Form3 : Form
    {
        privatefloat translationX = 0;
        privatefloat translationY = 0;
        privateconstfloat Speed = 5;
        private Timer animationTimer;
        private SKControl canvasView;
        public Form3()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            SetupUI();
            SetupTimer();
        }

        private void SetupUI()
        {
            // 創(chuàng)建并配置SKCanvasView  
            canvasView = new SKControl();
            canvasView.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
            canvasView.PaintSurface += OnCanvasViewPaintSurface;

            // 將控件添加到窗體  
            this.Controls.Add(canvasView);
        }

        private void SetupTimer()
        {
            // 創(chuàng)建并配置動(dòng)畫(huà)計(jì)時(shí)器  
            animationTimer = new Timer();
            animationTimer.Interval = 30; // 約33fps  
            animationTimer.Tick += (sender, e) => UpdateAnimation();
            animationTimer.Start();
        }

        // 在定時(shí)器或動(dòng)畫(huà)循環(huán)中調(diào)用  
        private void UpdateAnimation()
        {
            // 更新平移值  
            translationX += Speed;

            // 如果移出屏幕,重置位置  
            if (translationX > canvasView.Width)
            {
                translationX = -100;
            }

            // 觸發(fā)重繪  
            canvasView.Invalidate();
        }

        // 繪制事件處理  
        private void OnCanvasViewPaintSurface(object sender, SKPaintSurfaceEventArgs e)
        {
            SKSurface surface = e.Surface;
            SKCanvas canvas = surface.Canvas;

            canvas.Clear(SKColors.White);

            using (SKPaint paint = new SKPaint
            {
                Color = SKColors.Blue,
                IsAntialias = true,
                Style = SKPaintStyle.Fill
            })
            {
                // 應(yīng)用當(dāng)前平移值  
                canvas.Translate(translationX, translationY);

                // 繪制一個(gè)移動(dòng)的矩形  
                canvas.DrawRect(0, 100, 100, 50, paint);
            }
        }

        protected override void OnFormClosing(FormClosingEventArgs e)
        {
            // 確保在窗體關(guān)閉時(shí)停止計(jì)時(shí)器  
            if (animationTimer != null)
            {
                animationTimer.Stop();
                animationTimer.Dispose();
            }

            base.OnFormClosing(e);
        }
    }
}

圖片圖片

實(shí)現(xiàn)拖拽功能

以下是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的拖拽實(shí)現(xiàn):

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using SkiaSharp.Views.Desktop;
using SkiaSharp;

namespace AppTranslation
{
    public partial class Form4 : Form
    {
        private SKControl skControl;

        private SKPoint dragOffset = new SKPoint(0, 0);
        privatebool isDragging = false;
        private SKRect rectangle = new SKRect(100, 100, 200, 200);
        public Form4()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            SetupComponents();
        }


        private void SetupComponents()
        {
            // 設(shè)置窗體屬性  
            this.Text = "拖拽矩形示例";
            this.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(800, 600);

            // 創(chuàng)建 SKControl  
            skControl = new SKControl();
            skControl.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
            skControl.PaintSurface += OnPaintSurface;
            this.Controls.Add(skControl);

            // 添加鼠標(biāo)事件處理  
            skControl.MouseDown += OnMouseDown;
            skControl.MouseMove += OnMouseMove;
            skControl.MouseUp += OnMouseUp;
        }

        private void OnMouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
        {
            SKPoint point = new SKPoint(e.X, e.Y);
            if (rectangle.Contains(point))
            {
                isDragging = true;
                dragOffset = new SKPoint(point.X - rectangle.Left, point.Y - rectangle.Top);
            }
        }

        private void OnMouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
        {
            if (isDragging)
            {
                float newX = e.X - dragOffset.X;
                float newY = e.Y - dragOffset.Y;
                rectangle = new SKRect(newX, newY, newX + rectangle.Width, newY + rectangle.Height);
                skControl.Invalidate(); // 請(qǐng)求重繪  
            }
        }

        private void OnMouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
        {
            isDragging = false;
            skControl.Invalidate(); // 請(qǐng)求重繪以更新顏色  
        }

        // 繪制函數(shù)  
        private void OnPaintSurface(object sender, SKPaintSurfaceEventArgs e)
        {
            SKSurface surface = e.Surface;
            SKCanvas canvas = surface.Canvas;

            canvas.Clear(SKColors.White);

            using (SKPaint paint = new SKPaint
            {
                Color = isDragging ? SKColors.Red : SKColors.Blue,
                IsAntialias = true,
                Style = SKPaintStyle.Fill
            })
            {
                // 直接繪制在當(dāng)前位置  
                canvas.DrawRect(rectangle, paint);
            }
        }
    }
}

圖片圖片

總結(jié)

SkiaSharp中的平移變換是構(gòu)建復(fù)雜圖形應(yīng)用的基礎(chǔ)。本文介紹了平移變換的基本原理、實(shí)現(xiàn)方法以及實(shí)際應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景,希望能幫助開(kāi)發(fā)者更好地理解和應(yīng)用這一技術(shù)。

無(wú)論是簡(jiǎn)單的UI元素移動(dòng),還是復(fù)雜的圖形動(dòng)畫(huà),掌握平移變換都是必不可少的。通過(guò)本文提供的代碼示例和最佳實(shí)踐,相信讀者能夠在自己的項(xiàng)目中靈活運(yùn)用平移變換,創(chuàng)造出更加豐富的圖形體驗(yàn)。

責(zé)任編輯:武曉燕 來(lái)源: 技術(shù)老小子
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