Go加密解密算法總結
前言
加密解密在實際開發(fā)中應用比較廣泛,常用加解密分為:“對稱式”、“非對稱式”和”數字簽名“。
對稱式:對稱加密(也叫私鑰加密)指加密和解密使用相同密鑰的加密算法。具體算法主要有DES算法,3DES算法,TDEA算法,Blowfish算法,RC5算法,IDEA算法。
非對稱加密(公鑰加密):指加密和解密使用不同密鑰的加密算法,也稱為公私鑰加密。具體算法主要有RSA、Elgamal、背包算法、Rabin、D-H、ECC(橢圓曲線加密算法)。
數字簽名:數字簽名是非對稱密鑰加密技術與數字摘要技術的應用。主要算法有md5、hmac、sha1等。
以下介紹golang語言主要的加密解密算法實現。
md5
MD5信息摘要算法是一種被廣泛使用的密碼散列函數,可以產生出一個128位(16進制,32個字符)的散列值(hash value),用于確保信息傳輸完整一致。
- func GetMd5String(s string) string {
 - h := md5.New()
 - h.Write([]byte(s))
 - return hex.EncodeToString(h.Sum(nil))
 - }
 
hmac
HMAC是密鑰相關的哈希運算消息認證碼(Hash-based Message Authentication Code)的縮寫,
它通過一個標準算法,在計算哈希的過程中,把key混入計算過程中。
和我們自定義的加salt算法不同,Hmac算法針對所有哈希算法都通用,無論是MD5還是SHA-1。采用Hmac替代我們自己的salt算法,可以使程序算法更標準化,也更安全。
示例
- //key隨意設置 data 要加密數據
 - func Hmac(key, data string) string {
 - hash:= hmac.New(md5.New, []byte(key)) // 創(chuàng)建對應的md5哈希加密算法
 - hash.Write([]byte(data))
 - return hex.EncodeToString(hash.Sum([]byte("")))
 - }
 - func HmacSha256(key, data string) string {
 - hash:= hmac.New(sha256.New, []byte(key)) //創(chuàng)建對應的sha256哈希加密算法
 - hash.Write([]byte(data))
 - return hex.EncodeToString(hash.Sum([]byte("")))
 - }
 
sha1
SHA-1可以生成一個被稱為消息摘要的160位(20字節(jié))散列值,散列值通常的呈現形式為40個十六進制數。
- func Sha1(data string) string {
 - sha1 := sha1.New()
 - sha1.Write([]byte(data))
 - return hex.EncodeToString(sha1.Sum([]byte("")))
 - }
 
AES
密碼學中的高級加密標準(Advanced Encryption Standard,AES),又稱Rijndael加密法,是美國聯邦政府采用的一種區(qū)塊加密標準。這個標準用來替代原先的DES(Data Encryption Standard),已經被多方分析且廣為全世界所使用。AES中常見的有三種解決方案,分別為AES-128、AES-192和AES-256。如果采用真正的128位加密技術甚至256位加密技術,蠻力攻擊要取得成功需要耗費相當長的時間。
AES 有五種加密模式:
- 電碼本模式(Electronic Codebook Book (ECB))、
 - 密碼分組鏈接模式(Cipher Block Chaining (CBC))、
 - 計算器模式(Counter (CTR))、
 - 密碼反饋模式(Cipher FeedBack (CFB))
 - 輸出反饋模式(Output FeedBack (OFB))
 
ECB模式
出于安全考慮,golang默認并不支持ECB模式。
- package main
 - import (
 - "crypto/aes"
 - "fmt"
 - )
 - func AESEncrypt(src []byte, key []byte) (encrypted []byte) {
 - cipher, _ := aes.NewCipher(generateKey(key))
 - length := (len(src) + aes.BlockSize) / aes.BlockSize
 - plain := make([]byte, length*aes.BlockSize)
 - copy(plain, src)
 - pad := byte(len(plain) - len(src))
 - for i := len(src); i < len(plain); i++ {
 - plain[i] = pad
 - }
 - encrypted = make([]byte, len(plain))
 - // 分組分塊加密
 - for bs, be := 0, cipher.BlockSize(); bs <= len(src); bs, be = bs+cipher.BlockSize(), be+cipher.BlockSize() {
 - cipher.Encrypt(encrypted[bs:be], plain[bs:be])
 - }
 - return encrypted
 - }
 - func AESDecrypt(encrypted []byte, key []byte) (decrypted []byte) {
 - cipher, _ := aes.NewCipher(generateKey(key))
 - decrypted = make([]byte, len(encrypted))
 - //
 - for bs, be := 0, cipher.BlockSize(); bs < len(encrypted); bs, be = bs+cipher.BlockSize(), be+cipher.BlockSize() {
 - cipher.Decrypt(decrypted[bs:be], encrypted[bs:be])
 - }
 - trim := 0
 - if len(decrypted) > 0 {
 - trim = len(decrypted) - int(decrypted[len(decrypted)-1])
 - }
 - return decrypted[:trim]
 - }
 - func generateKey(key []byte) (genKey []byte) {
 - genKey = make([]byte, 16)
 - copy(genKey, key)
 - for i := 16; i < len(key); {
 - for j := 0; j < 16 && i < len(key); j, i = j+1, i+1 {
 - genKey[j] ^= key[i]
 - }
 - }
 - return genKey
 - }
 - func main() {
 - source:="hello world"
 - fmt.Println("原字符:",source)
 - //16byte密鑰
 - key:="1443flfsaWfdas"
 - encryptCode:=AESEncrypt([]byte(source),[]byte(key))
 - fmt.Println("密文:",string(encryptCode))
 - decryptCode:=AESDecrypt(encryptCode,[]byte(key))
 - fmt.Println("解密:",string(decryptCode))
 - }
 
CBC模式
- package main
 - import(
 - "bytes"
 - "crypto/aes"
 - "fmt"
 - "crypto/cipher"
 - "encoding/base64"
 - )
 - func main() {
 - orig := "hello world"
 - key := "0123456789012345"
 - fmt.Println("原文:", orig)
 - encryptCode := AesEncrypt(orig, key)
 - fmt.Println("密文:" , encryptCode)
 - decryptCode := AesDecrypt(encryptCode, key)
 - fmt.Println("解密結果:", decryptCode)
 - }
 - func AesEncrypt(orig string, key string) string {
 - // 轉成字節(jié)數組
 - origData := []byte(orig)
 - k := []byte(key)
 - // 分組秘鑰
 - // NewCipher該函數限制了輸入k的長度必須為16, 24或者32
 - block, _ := aes.NewCipher(k)
 - // 獲取秘鑰塊的長度
 - blockSize := block.BlockSize()
 - // 補全碼
 - origData = PKCS7Padding(origData, blockSize)
 - // 加密模式
 - blockMode := cipher.NewCBCEncrypter(block, k[:blockSize])
 - // 創(chuàng)建數組
 - cryted := make([]byte, len(origData))
 - // 加密
 - blockMode.CryptBlocks(cryted, origData)
 - return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(cryted)
 - }
 - func AesDecrypt(cryted string, key string) string {
 - // 轉成字節(jié)數組
 - crytedByte, _ := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(cryted)
 - k := []byte(key)
 - // 分組秘鑰
 - block, _ := aes.NewCipher(k)
 - // 獲取秘鑰塊的長度
 - blockSize := block.BlockSize()
 - // 加密模式
 - blockMode := cipher.NewCBCDecrypter(block, k[:blockSize])
 - // 創(chuàng)建數組
 - orig := make([]byte, len(crytedByte))
 - // 解密
 - blockMode.CryptBlocks(orig, crytedByte)
 - // 去補全碼
 - orig = PKCS7UnPadding(orig)
 - return string(orig)
 - }
 - //補碼
 - //AES加密數據塊分組長度必須為128bit(byte[16]),密鑰長度可以是128bit(byte[16])、192bit(byte[24])、256bit(byte[32])中的任意一個。
 - func PKCS7Padding(ciphertext []byte, blocksize int) []byte {
 - padding := blocksize - len(ciphertext)%blocksize
 - padtext := bytes.Repeat([]byte{byte(padding)}, padding)
 - return append(ciphertext, padtext...)
 - }
 - //去碼
 - func PKCS7UnPadding(origData []byte) []byte {
 - length := len(origData)
 - unpadding := int(origData[length-1])
 - return origData[:(length - unpadding)]
 - }
 
CRT模式
- package main
 - import (
 - "bytes"
 - "crypto/aes"
 - "crypto/cipher"
 - "fmt"
 - )
 - //加密
 - func aesCtrCrypt(plainText []byte, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 - //1. 創(chuàng)建cipher.Block接口
 - block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
 - if err != nil {
 - return nil, err
 - }
 - //2. 創(chuàng)建分組模式,在crypto/cipher包中
 - iv := bytes.Repeat([]byte("1"), block.BlockSize())
 - stream := cipher.NewCTR(block, iv)
 - //3. 加密
 - dst := make([]byte, len(plainText))
 - stream.XORKeyStream(dst, plainText)
 - return dst, nil
 - }
 - func main() {
 - source:="hello world"
 - fmt.Println("原字符:",source)
 - key:="1443flfsaWfdasds"
 - encryptCode,_:=aesCtrCrypt([]byte(source),[]byte(key))
 - fmt.Println("密文:",string(encryptCode))
 - decryptCode,_:=aesCtrCrypt(encryptCode,[]byte(key))
 - fmt.Println("解密:",string(decryptCode))
 - }
 - CFB模式
 - package main
 - import (
 - "crypto/aes"
 - "crypto/cipher"
 - "crypto/rand"
 - "encoding/hex"
 - "fmt"
 - "io"
 - )
 - func AesEncryptCFB(origData []byte, key []byte) (encrypted []byte) {
 - block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
 - if err != nil {
 - //panic(err)
 - }
 - encrypted = make([]byte, aes.BlockSize+len(origData))
 - iv := encrypted[:aes.BlockSize]
 - if _, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, iv); err != nil {
 - //panic(err)
 - }
 - stream := cipher.NewCFBEncrypter(block, iv)
 - stream.XORKeyStream(encrypted[aes.BlockSize:], origData)
 - return encrypted
 - }
 - func AesDecryptCFB(encrypted []byte, key []byte) (decrypted []byte) {
 - block, _ := aes.NewCipher(key)
 - if len(encrypted) < aes.BlockSize {
 - panic("ciphertext too short")
 - }
 - iv := encrypted[:aes.BlockSize]
 - encryptedencrypted = encrypted[aes.BlockSize:]
 - stream := cipher.NewCFBDecrypter(block, iv)
 - stream.XORKeyStream(encrypted, encrypted)
 - return encrypted
 - }
 - func main() {
 - source:="hello world"
 - fmt.Println("原字符:",source)
 - key:="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO1"//16位
 - encryptCode:=AesEncryptCFB([]byte(source),[]byte(key))
 - fmt.Println("密文:",hex.EncodeToString(encryptCode))
 - decryptCode:=AesDecryptCFB(encryptCode,[]byte(key))
 - fmt.Println("解密:",string(decryptCode))
 - }
 
OFB模式
- package main
 - import (
 - "bytes"
 - "crypto/aes"
 - "crypto/cipher"
 - "crypto/rand"
 - "encoding/hex"
 - "fmt"
 - "io"
 - )
 - func aesEncryptOFB( data[]byte,key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 - data = PKCS7Padding(data, aes.BlockSize)
 - block, _ := aes.NewCipher([]byte(key))
 - out := make([]byte, aes.BlockSize + len(data))
 - iv := out[:aes.BlockSize]
 - if _, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, iv); err != nil {
 - return nil, err
 - }
 - stream := cipher.NewOFB(block, iv)
 - stream.XORKeyStream(out[aes.BlockSize:], data)
 - return out, nil
 - }
 - func aesDecryptOFB( data[]byte,key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 - block, _ := aes.NewCipher([]byte(key))
 - iv := data[:aes.BlockSize]
 - datadata = data[aes.BlockSize:]
 - if len(data) % aes.BlockSize != 0 {
 - return nil, fmt.Errorf("data is not a multiple of the block size")
 - }
 - out := make([]byte, len(data))
 - mode := cipher.NewOFB(block, iv)
 - mode.XORKeyStream(out, data)
 - out= PKCS7UnPadding(out)
 - return out, nil
 - }
 - //補碼
 - //AES加密數據塊分組長度必須為128bit(byte[16]),密鑰長度可以是128bit(byte[16])、192bit(byte[24])、256bit(byte[32])中的任意一個。
 - func PKCS7Padding(ciphertext []byte, blocksize int) []byte {
 - padding := blocksize - len(ciphertext)%blocksize
 - padtext := bytes.Repeat([]byte{byte(padding)}, padding)
 - return append(ciphertext, padtext...)
 - }
 - //去碼
 - func PKCS7UnPadding(origData []byte) []byte {
 - length := len(origData)
 - unpadding := int(origData[length-1])
 - return origData[:(length - unpadding)]
 - }
 - func main() {
 - source:="hello world"
 - fmt.Println("原字符:",source)
 - key:="1111111111111111"//16位 32位均可
 - encryptCode,_:=aesEncryptOFB([]byte(source),[]byte(key))
 - fmt.Println("密文:",hex.EncodeToString(encryptCode))
 - decryptCode,_:=aesDecryptOFB(encryptCode,[]byte(key))
 - fmt.Println("解密:",string(decryptCode))
 - }
 
RSA加密
首先使用openssl生成公私鑰
- package main
 - import (
 - "crypto/rand"
 - "crypto/rsa"
 - "crypto/x509"
 - "encoding/base64"
 - "encoding/pem"
 - "errors"
 - "fmt"
 - )
 - // 私鑰生成
 - //openssl genrsa -out rsa_private_key.pem 1024
 - var privateKey = []byte(`
 - -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
 - MIICWwIBAAKBgQDcGsUIIAINHfRTdMmgGwLrjzfMNSrtgIf4EGsNaYwmC1GjF/bM
 - h0Mcm10oLhNrKNYCTTQVGGIxuc5heKd1gOzb7bdTnCDPPZ7oV7p1B9Pud+6zPaco
 - qDz2M24vHFWYY2FbIIJh8fHhKcfXNXOLovdVBE7Zy682X1+R1lRK8D+vmQIDAQAB
 - AoGAeWAZvz1HZExca5k/hpbeqV+0+VtobMgwMs96+U53BpO/VRzl8Cu3CpNyb7HY
 - 64L9YQ+J5QgpPhqkgIO0dMu/0RIXsmhvr2gcxmKObcqT3JQ6S4rjHTln49I2sYTz
 - 7JEH4TcplKjSjHyq5MhHfA+CV2/AB2BO6G8limu7SheXuvECQQDwOpZrZDeTOOBk
 - z1vercawd+J9ll/FZYttnrWYTI1sSF1sNfZ7dUXPyYPQFZ0LQ1bhZGmWBZ6a6wd9
 - R+PKlmJvAkEA6o32c/WEXxW2zeh18sOO4wqUiBYq3L3hFObhcsUAY8jfykQefW8q
 - yPuuL02jLIajFWd0itjvIrzWnVmoUuXydwJAXGLrvllIVkIlah+lATprkypH3Gyc
 - YFnxCTNkOzIVoXMjGp6WMFylgIfLPZdSUiaPnxby1FNM7987fh7Lp/m12QJAK9iL
 - 2JNtwkSR3p305oOuAz0oFORn8MnB+KFMRaMT9pNHWk0vke0lB1sc7ZTKyvkEJW0o
 - eQgic9DvIYzwDUcU8wJAIkKROzuzLi9AvLnLUrSdI6998lmeYO9x7pwZPukz3era
 - zncjRK3pbVkv0KrKfczuJiRlZ7dUzVO0b6QJr8TRAA==
 - -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
 - `)
 - // 公鑰: 根據私鑰生成
 - //openssl rsa -in rsa_private_key.pem -pubout -out rsa_public_key.pem
 - var publicKey = []byte(`
 - -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
 - MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDcGsUIIAINHfRTdMmgGwLrjzfM
 - NSrtgIf4EGsNaYwmC1GjF/bMh0Mcm10oLhNrKNYCTTQVGGIxuc5heKd1gOzb7bdT
 - nCDPPZ7oV7p1B9Pud+6zPacoqDz2M24vHFWYY2FbIIJh8fHhKcfXNXOLovdVBE7Z
 - y682X1+R1lRK8D+vmQIDAQAB
 - -----END PUBLIC KEY-----
 - `)
 - // 加密
 - func RsaEncrypt(origData []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 - //解密pem格式的公鑰
 - block, _ := pem.Decode(publicKey)
 - if block == nil {
 - return nil, errors.New("public key error")
 - }
 - // 解析公鑰
 - pubInterface, err := x509.ParsePKIXPublicKey(block.Bytes)
 - if err != nil {
 - return nil, err
 - }
 - // 類型斷言
 - pub := pubInterface.(*rsa.PublicKey)
 - //加密
 - return rsa.EncryptPKCS1v15(rand.Reader, pub, origData)
 - }
 - // 解密
 - func RsaDecrypt(ciphertext []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 - //解密
 - block, _ := pem.Decode(privateKey)
 - if block == nil {
 - return nil, errors.New("private key error!")
 - }
 - //解析PKCS1格式的私鑰
 - priv, err := x509.ParsePKCS1PrivateKey(block.Bytes)
 - if err != nil {
 - return nil, err
 - }
 - // 解密
 - return rsa.DecryptPKCS1v15(rand.Reader, priv, ciphertext)
 - }
 - func main() {
 - data, _ := RsaEncrypt([]byte("hello world"))
 - fmt.Println(base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(data))
 - origData, _ := RsaDecrypt(data)
 - fmt.Println(string(origData))
 - }
 















 
 
 








 
 
 
 