隨著網絡與計算機技術的發(fā)展，數據存儲與數據交換的安全性已經變得越來越重要，加密技術已經很早就用于數據存儲和數據交換。為了確保網絡數據交換時的雙方身份的正確性，簽證體系也已經成熟。GPG就是用來加密數據與制作證書的一套工具，它是一個完全免費、源代碼公開，并且與PGP完全兼容的軟件產品。GPG軟件作為用于加密和數字簽名的開放源碼工具，許多Linux發(fā)行版本都自帶了該軟件。

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下面，讓我們一起來看看，gpg如何加密和解密的吧。

創(chuàng)建密鑰

gpg --gen-key

你要求輸入一下內容，這些內容，基本英文，還是很好明白

root@g140:~# gpg --gen-key
gpg (GnuPG) 1.4.11; Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
gpg: directory `/root/.gnupg' created
gpg: new configuration file `/root/.gnupg/gpg.conf' created
gpg: WARNING: options in `/root/.gnupg/gpg.conf' are not yet active during this run
gpg: keyring `/root/.gnupg/secring.gpg' created
gpg: keyring `/root/.gnupg/pubring.gpg' created
Please select what kind of key you want:
(1) RSA and RSA (default)
(2) DSA and Elgamal
(3) DSA (sign only)
(4) RSA (sign only)
Your selection?
RSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.
What keysize do you want? (2048)
Requested keysize is 2048 bits
Please specify how long the key should be valid.
0 = key does not expire
= key expires in n days
w = key expires in n weeks
m = key expires in n months
y = key expires in n years
Key is valid for? (0)
Key does not expire at all
Is this correct? (y/N) y
You need a user ID to identify your key; the software constructs the user ID
from the Real Name, Comment and Email Address in this form:
"Heinrich Heine (Der Dichter) "
Real name: chenshake
Email address: shake.chen@gmail.com
Comment:
You selected this USER-ID:
"chenshake "
Change (N)ame, (C)omment, (E)mail or (O)kay/(Q)uit? O
You need a Passphrase to protect your secret key.
We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform
some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the
disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number
generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.
gpg: /root/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg: trustdb created
gpg: key AEAA16F3 marked as ultimately trusted
public and secret key created and signed.
gpg: checking the trustdb
gpg: 3 marginal(s) needed, 1 complete(s) needed, PGP trust model
gpg: depth: 0 valid: 1 signed: 0 trust: 0-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 1u
pub 2048R/AEAA16F3 2013-10-21
Key fingerprint = B93B 05F8 9D63 5464 6DEE 6A08 EB9E D2BB AEAA 16F3
uid chenshake 
sub 2048R/02B4038D 2013-10-21

就是上面這個過程

在這個生成密鑰的過程中,有個步驟很重要,就是生成內存隨機數,命令如下:

dd if=/dev/zero of=test.dbf bs=9000 count=1000k .直到生成key為止。

#p#

查看私鑰

# gpg -k
/root/.gnupg/pubring.gpg
------------------------
pub 2048R/AEAA16F3 2013-10-21
uid chenshake
sub 2048R/02B4038D 2013-10-21

查看公鑰

# gpg --list-keys
/root/.gnupg/pubring.gpg
------------------------
pub 2048R/AEAA16F3 2013-10-21
uid chenshake 
sub 2048R/02B4038D 2013-10-21

導出公鑰

gpg -o chenshake.gpg -a --export chenshake

其中chenshake為用戶ID

chenshake.gpg為導出的公鑰文件

導出私鑰

gpg -o chenshake-private.gpg --export-secret-keys chenshake

導入秘鑰

公鑰和私鑰的導入，都是一樣。

gpg --import filename

公鑰

(另外一臺機器)

當然你需要通過scp把公鑰復制到遠程的機器

# gpg --import chenshake.gpg
gpg: directory `/root/.gnupg' created
gpg: new configuration file `/root/.gnupg/gpg.conf' created
gpg: WARNING: options in `/root/.gnupg/gpg.conf' are not yet active during this run
gpg: keyring `/root/.gnupg/secring.gpg' created
gpg: keyring `/root/.gnupg/pubring.gpg' created
gpg: /root/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg: trustdb created
gpg: key AEAA16F3: public key "chenshake " imported
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: imported: 1 (RSA: 1)

你也可以查看到導入的公鑰

# gpg --list-keys
/root/.gnupg/pubring.gpg
------------------------
pub 2048R/AEAA16F3 2013-10-21
uid chenshake 
sub 2048R/02B4038D 2013-10-21

公鑰加密

一個文件，我這里是加密cobbler.ks 這個文件，加密后是 cobbler.ks.gpg文件，需要私鑰才能查看。

# gpg -o cobbler.ks.gpg -er chenshake cobbler.ks
gpg: 02B4038D: There is no assurance this key belongs to the named user
pub 2048R/02B4038D 2013-10-21 chenshake 
Primary key fingerprint: B93B 05F8 9D63 5464 6DEE 6A08 EB9E D2BB AEAA 16F3
Subkey fingerprint: FCCA 50DD C98D 644E 00FB 804C 4CD2 9544 02B4 038D
It is NOT certain that the key belongs to the person named
in the user ID. If you *really* know what you are doing,
you may answer the next question with yes.
Use this key anyway? (y/N) y

私鑰解密

私鑰查看 cobbler.ks.gpg

# gpg -o cobbler.ks -d cobbler.ks.gpg
You need a passphrase to unlock the secret key for
user: "chenshake "
2048-bit RSA key, ID 02B4038D, created 2013-10-21 (main key ID AEAA16F3)
gpg: gpg-agent is not available in this session
gpg: encrypted with 2048-bit RSA key, ID 02B4038D, created 2013-10-21
"chenshake "

需要你輸入你當初創(chuàng)建秘鑰的時候設置的那個密碼。這個時候，你就可以查看到加密的文件。