建立ASP.NET Web服務(wù)步驟詳解
建立ASP.NET Web服務(wù)步驟(1):創(chuàng)建Web服務(wù)
新建-項目-Web-Asp.net服務(wù)應(yīng)用程序,把HelloWorld給刪除,ReverseString方法,如下:
代碼:
- using System;
 - using System.Collections;
 - using System.ComponentModel;
 - using System.Data;
 - using System.Linq;
 - using System.Web;
 - using System.Web.Services;
 - using System.Web.Services.Protocols;
 - using System.Xml.Linq;
 - namespace WebService2
 - {
 - /// < summary>
 - /// Service1 的摘要說明
 - /// < /summary>
 - [WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/")]
 - [WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
 - [ToolboxItem(false)]
 - // 若要允許使用 ASP.NET AJAX 從腳本中調(diào)用此 Web 服務(wù),請取消對下行的注釋。
 - // [System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]
 - public class Service1 : System.Web.Services.WebService
 - {
 - [WebMethod]
 - public string ReverseString(string message) //新建這個方法
 - {
 - char[] arr = message.ToCharArray();
 - Array.Reverse(arr);
 - message = new string(arr);
 - return message;
 - }
 - }
 - }
 
測試服務(wù):
點擊方法,輸入abcde,點調(diào)用
測試結(jié)果:
返回xml,edcba 測試正確。
建立ASP.NET Web服務(wù)步驟(2):在Windows Forms 中調(diào)用Web服務(wù)
新建Windows Forms 工程,注意上面服務(wù)不要關(guān),干脆雙開VS吧,免得出問題。項目-添加服務(wù)引用,地址中輸入Web服務(wù)的地址,上例:http://localhost:1241/Service1.asmx,如果Web服務(wù)已經(jīng)發(fā)布,請?zhí)顚懓l(fā)布的地址。
找到服務(wù)后確定:
在Form上加入兩個TextBox,一個Button,雙擊Button,編寫事件。
代碼:
- using System;
 - using System.Collections.Generic;
 - using System.ComponentModel;
 - using System.Data;
 - using System.Drawing;
 - using System.Linq;
 - using System.Text;
 - using System.Windows.Forms;
 - namespace WindowsFormsApplication9
 - {
 - public partial class Form1 : Form
 - {
 - public Form1()
 - {
 - InitializeComponent();
 - }
 - private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
 - {
 - ServiceReference1.Service1SoapClient ws = new ServiceReference1.Service1SoapClient();
 - textBox2.Text = ws.ReverseString(textBox1.Text);
 - }
 - }
 - }
 
運行結(jié)果:
建立ASP.NET Web服務(wù)步驟(3):異步調(diào)用服務(wù)
由于web服務(wù)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上使用,所以如果網(wǎng)速不好,或服務(wù)器端忙很長時間沒有相應(yīng)的話,那么執(zhí)行調(diào)用的程序?qū)⒆枞?,以至界面卡死,不能相?yīng)。如何在調(diào)用服務(wù)的時候不阻塞呢?就是采用異步調(diào)用服務(wù)的方式。服務(wù)端不用修改,只修改客戶端就可以了。
首先,在解決方案管理器的Service Reference中,右鍵該引用,點配置服務(wù)引用。如下畫面:
選中【生成異步操作】,確定。
代碼:
- using System;
 - using System.Collections.Generic;
 - using System.ComponentModel;
 - using System.Data;
 - using System.Drawing;
 - using System.Linq;
 - using System.Text;
 - using System.Windows.Forms;
 - namespace WindowsFormsApplication9
 - {
 - public partial class Form1 : Form
 - {
 - public Form1()
 - {
 - InitializeComponent();
 - }
 - private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
 - {
 - //ServiceReference1.Service1SoapClient ws = new ServiceReference1.Service1SoapClient();
 - //textBox2.Text = ws.ReverseString(textBox1.Text);
 - ServiceReference1.Service1SoapClient client = new ServiceReference1.Service1SoapClient();
 - //client.ReverseStringCompleted += new EventHandler< ServiceReference1.ReverseStringCompletedEventArgs>(client_ReverseStringCompleted);
 - client.ReverseStringCompleted += client_ReverseStringCompleted; //簡易寫法
 - client.ReverseStringAsync(textBox1.Text);
 - }
 - private void client_ReverseStringCompleted(object sender, ServiceReference1.ReverseStringCompletedEventArgs e)
 - {
 - textBox2.Text = e.Result;
 - }
 - }
 - }
 
為了讓測試更加逼真,可以在服務(wù)器端,加入演示,模擬服務(wù)器或網(wǎng)絡(luò)的延時。
服務(wù)端代碼:
- using System;
 - using System.Collections;
 - using System.ComponentModel;
 - using System.Data;
 - using System.Linq;
 - using System.Web;
 - using System.Web.Services;
 - using System.Web.Services.Protocols;
 - using System.Xml.Linq;
 - namespace WebService2
 - {
 - /// < summary>
 - /// Service1 的摘要說明
 - /// < /summary>
 - [WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/")]
 - [WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
 - [ToolboxItem(false)]
 - // 若要允許使用 ASP.NET AJAX 從腳本中調(diào)用此 Web 服務(wù),請取消對下行的注釋。
 - // [System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]
 - public class Service1 : System.Web.Services.WebService
 - {
 - [WebMethod]
 - public string ReverseString(string message) //新建這個方法
 - {
 - char[] arr = message.ToCharArray();
 - Array.Reverse(arr);
 - message = new string(arr);
 - System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(5000);//為了證明異步的效果特添加延時
 - return message;
 - }
 - }
 - }
 
運行結(jié)果:在等待服務(wù)器返回的時間內(nèi),界面沒有卡死,證明異步調(diào)用成功。
建立ASP.NET Web服務(wù)步驟(4):ASP.NET客戶程序
上面是在Windows Forms 里完成的Web服務(wù)調(diào)用,現(xiàn)在用ASP.NET來調(diào)用相同的服務(wù)。
基本與Windows Forms類似,首先添加Web服務(wù)引用,然后添加代碼如下:
- using System;
 - using System.Configuration;
 - using System.Data;
 - using System.Linq;
 - using System.Web;
 - using System.Web.Security;
 - using System.Web.UI;
 - using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
 - using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
 - using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
 - using System.Xml.Linq;
 - public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
 - {
 - protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
 - {
 - }
 - protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
 - {
 - ServiceReference1.Service1SoapClient client = new ServiceReference1.Service1SoapClient();
 - TextBox2.Text = client.ReverseString(TextBox1.Text);
 - }
 - }
 
運行結(jié)果:
建立ASP.NET Web服務(wù)步驟(5):類的傳遞
上面的例子是簡單是數(shù)據(jù)類型,現(xiàn)在試一下傳遞一個自定義類。
服務(wù)器端代碼:
- using System;
 - using System.Collections;
 - using System.ComponentModel;
 - using System.Data;
 - using System.Linq;
 - using System.Web;
 - using System.Web.Services;
 - using System.Web.Services.Protocols;
 - using System.Xml.Linq;
 - namespace WebService2
 - {
 - public enum TemperatureType
 - {
 - Fahrenheit,
 - Celsius
 - }
 - public enum TemparatureCondition
 - {
 - Rainy,
 - Sunny,
 - Cloudy,
 - Thunderstorm
 - }
 - public class GetWeatherRequest
 - {
 - public string City;
 - public TemperatureType TemperatureType;
 - }
 - public class GetWeatherResponse
 - {
 - public TemparatureCondition Condition;
 - public int Temperature;
 - }
 - /// < summary>
 - /// Service1 的摘要說明
 - /// < /summary>
 - [WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/")]
 - [WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
 - [ToolboxItem(false)]
 - // 若要允許使用 ASP.NET AJAX 從腳本中調(diào)用此 Web 服務(wù),請取消對下行的注釋。
 - // [System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]
 - public class Service1 : System.Web.Services.WebService
 - {
 - [WebMethod]
 - public string ReverseString(string message) //新建這個方法
 - {
 - char[] arr = message.ToCharArray();
 - Array.Reverse(arr);
 - message = new string(arr);
 - System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(5000);//為了證明異步的效果特添加延時
 - return message;
 - }
 - [WebMethod]
 - public GetWeatherResponse GetWeather(GetWeatherRequest req)
 - {
 - GetWeatherResponse resp = new GetWeatherResponse();
 - Random r = new Random();
 - int celsius = r.Next(-20, 50);
 - if (req.TemperatureType == TemperatureType.Celsius)
 - resp.Temperature = celsius;
 - else
 - resp.Temperature = (212 - 32) / 100 * celsius + 32;
 - if (req.City == "Redmond")
 - resp.Condition = TemparatureCondition.Rainy;
 - else
 - resp.Condition = (TemparatureCondition)r.Next(0, 3);
 - return resp;
 - }
 - }
 - }
 
客戶端代碼:
- using System;
 - using System.Collections.Generic;
 - using System.ComponentModel;
 - using System.Data;
 - using System.Drawing;
 - using System.Text;
 - using System.Windows.Forms;
 - using WindowsFormsApplication10.ServiceReference1;//加上,認識一下需要傳遞的參數(shù)類,以及返回的類。
 - namespace WindowsFormsApplication10
 - {
 - public partial class Form1 : Form
 - {
 - public Form1()
 - {
 - InitializeComponent();
 - }
 - private void label2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
 - {
 - }
 - private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
 - {
 - GetWeatherRequest req = new GetWeatherRequest();//有了最上面那個using這下找到這個類了吧,不然肯定找不到。
 - if (radioButton1.Checked)
 - {
 - req.TemperatureType = TemperatureType.Celsius;
 - }
 - else
 - {
 - req.TemperatureType = TemperatureType.Fahrenheit;
 - }
 - req.City = textBox1.Text;
 - Service1SoapClient client = new Service1SoapClient();
 - GetWeatherResponse resp = client.GetWeather(req);
 - textBox2.Text = resp.Condition.ToString();
 - textBox3.Text = resp.Temperature.ToString();
 - }
 - }
 - }
 
運行結(jié)果:
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