JavaScript類和繼承:constructor屬性
constructor屬性始終指向創(chuàng)建當(dāng)前對(duì)象的構(gòu)造函數(shù)。比如下面例子:
- // 等價(jià)于 var foo = new Array(1, 56, 34, 12);
 - var arr = [1, 56, 34, 12];
 - console.log(arr.constructor === Array); // true
 - // 等價(jià)于 var foo = new Function();
 - var Foo = function() { };
 - console.log(Foo.constructor === Function); // true
 - // 由構(gòu)造函數(shù)實(shí)例化一個(gè)obj對(duì)象
 - var obj = new Foo();
 - console.log(obj.constructor === Foo); // true
 - // 將上面兩段代碼合起來(lái),就得到下面的結(jié)論
 - console.log(obj.constructor.constructor === Function); // true
 
但是當(dāng)constructor遇到prototype時(shí),有趣的事情就發(fā)生了。
我們知道每個(gè)函數(shù)都有一個(gè)默認(rèn)的屬性prototype,而這個(gè)prototype的constructor默認(rèn)指向這個(gè)函數(shù)。如下例所示:
- function Person(name) {
 - this.name = name;
 - };
 - Person.prototype.getName = function() {
 - return this.name;
 - };
 - var p = new Person("ZhangSan");
 - console.log(p.constructor === Person); // true
 - console.log(Person.prototype.constructor === Person); // true
 - // 將上兩行代碼合并就得到如下結(jié)果
 - console.log(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Person); // true
 
當(dāng)時(shí)當(dāng)我們重新定義函數(shù)的prototype時(shí)(注意:和上例的區(qū)別,這里不是修改而是覆蓋),constructor屬性的行為就有點(diǎn)奇怪了,如下示例:
- function Person(name) {
 - this.name = name;
 - };
 - Person.prototype = {
 - getName: function() {
 - return this.name;
 - }
 - };
 - var p = new Person("ZhangSan");
 - console.log(p.constructor === Person); // false
 - console.log(Person.prototype.constructor === Person); // false
 - console.log(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Person); // false
 
為什么呢?
原來(lái)是因?yàn)楦采wPerson.prototype時(shí),等價(jià)于進(jìn)行如下代碼操作:
- Person.prototype = new Object({
 - getName: function() {
 - return this.name;
 - }
 - });
 
而constructor屬性始終指向創(chuàng)建自身的構(gòu)造函數(shù),所以此時(shí)Person.prototype.constructor === Object,即是:
- function Person(name) {
 - this.name = name;
 - };
 - Person.prototype = {
 - getName: function() {
 - return this.name;
 - }
 - };
 - var p = new Person("ZhangSan");
 - console.log(p.constructor === Object); // true
 - console.log(Person.prototype.constructor === Object); // true
 - console.log(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Object); // true
 
怎么修正這種問(wèn)題呢?方法也很簡(jiǎn)單,重新覆蓋Person.prototype.constructor即可:
- function Person(name) {
 - this.name = name;
 - };
 - Person.prototype = new Object({
 - getName: function() {
 - return this.name;
 - }
 - });
 - Person.prototype.constructor = Person;
 - var p = new Person("ZhangSan");
 - console.log(p.constructor === Person); // true
 - console.log(Person.prototype.constructor === Person); // true
 - console.log(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Person); // true
 
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