VMware虛擬機(Linux)如何找出系統(tǒng)中磁盤設(shè)備對應(yīng)的硬盤
本文轉(zhuǎn)載自微信公眾號「DBA閑思雜想錄」,作者瀟湘隱者。轉(zhuǎn)載本文請聯(lián)系DBA閑思雜想錄公眾號。
VMware虛擬機(Linux)中,我們的Linux服務(wù)器可能擁有多個磁盤(或者叫虛擬磁盤),如下所示,這個服務(wù)器的磁盤有硬盤1、硬盤2、…………硬盤10總共10塊硬盤。
而Linux系統(tǒng)中,磁盤中對應(yīng)的設(shè)備如下
- [root@mylnx01 ~]# ls -lrt /dev/sd*
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 0 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sda
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 3 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sda3
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 2 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sda2
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 21 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdb5
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 18 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdb2
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 17 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdb1
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 16 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdb
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 37 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdc5
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 34 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdc2
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 33 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdc1
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 32 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdc
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 64 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sde
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 49 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdd1
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 48 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdd
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 82 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdf2
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 81 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdf1
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 80 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdf
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 69 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sde5
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 65 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sde1
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 113 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdh1
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 112 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdh
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 96 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdg
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 85 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdf5
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 129 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdi1
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 128 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdi
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 101 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdg5
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 97 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdg1
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 130 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdi2
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 147 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj3
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 146 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj2
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 145 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj1
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 144 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 152 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj8
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 151 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj7
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 150 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj6
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 149 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj5
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 148 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj4
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 153 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj9
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 1 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sda1
 
那么我們?nèi)绾握页?dev/sdj對應(yīng)VMware中的哪個磁盤呢?相信很多同學(xué)可能想通過磁盤大小來判斷,但是呢,這個通過磁盤大小不好判斷或者判斷不精準,主要有下面一些因素:
1. 兩邊計算磁盤大小的方式不一樣??吹降拇疟P大小有點出入。
2. 可能存在相同大小的磁盤,此時你怎么判斷呢?
那么有沒有通過某個標識來判斷呢?根據(jù)SCSI標準,每個SCSI磁盤都有一個WWID,類似于網(wǎng)卡的MAC地址,而且是獨一無二。Linux系統(tǒng)上/dev/disk/by-id目錄包含每個SCSI磁盤WWID訪問路徑。
- [root@KerryDB ~]# ll /dev/disk/by-id/
 - total 0
 - lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Apr 11 09:25 ata-ST500DM002-1BD142_Z6EA17FP -> ../../sda
 - lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Apr 11 09:25 ata-ST500DM002-1BD142_Z6EA17FP-part1 -> ../../sda1
 - lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Apr 11 09:25 ata-ST500DM002-1BD142_Z6EA17FP-part2 -> ../../sda2
 - lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Apr 11 09:25 ata-ST500DM002-1BD142_Z6EA17FP-part3 -> ../../sda3
 - lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Mar 10 14:29 dm-name-centos-home -> ../../dm-2
 - lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Mar 10 14:29 dm-name-centos-root -> ../../dm-0
 - lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Mar 10 14:29 dm-name-centos-swap -> ../../dm-1
 - lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Mar 10 14:29 dm-uuid-LVM-OoLL2Ne7hVrlu1rWFZRicmPrEZGxlZhQ2GwVhfhZrdLWmRZ3KuKGNJJqskLn2noy -> ../../dm-0
 - lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Mar 10 14:29 dm-uuid-LVM-OoLL2Ne7hVrlu1rWFZRicmPrEZGxlZhQNALIUTdrhqV42RQNW8jaImopDuEPs5b3 -> ../../dm-1
 - lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Mar 10 14:29 dm-uuid-LVM-OoLL2Ne7hVrlu1rWFZRicmPrEZGxlZhQybFeXSOtclTjcV0dS9tKiwA1IVBwxnrK -> ../../dm-2
 - lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Apr 11 09:25 lvm-pv-uuid-FAYN5y-YdiR-CywU-1vDf-Btz6-dkyt-TNy8ee -> ../../sda3
 - lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Apr 11 09:25 wwn-0x5000c5007911cd0c -> ../../sda
 - lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Apr 11 09:25 wwn-0x5000c5007911cd0c-part1 -> ../../sda1
 - lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Apr 11 09:25 wwn-0x5000c5007911cd0c-part2 -> ../../sda2
 - lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Apr 11 09:25 wwn-0x5000c5007911cd0c-part3 -> ../../sda3
 
但是當(dāng)前環(huán)境下,VMware虛擬機(Linux)默認情況下沒有開啟這個選項。
- # ll /dev/disk/by-id
 - ls: /dev/disk/by-id: No such file or directory
 - # cd /dev/disk
 - # ls -lrt
 - total 0
 - drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 60 May 3 19:35 by-uuid
 - drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 60 May 3 19:35 by-label
 - drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 640 May 3 19:35 by-path
 
而且在VMware vSphere Client連上VMware控制臺,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這里沒有提供硬盤的WWID信息,即使你在Linux中找到設(shè)備的WWID信息,但是在VMware控制臺也看不到對應(yīng)的WWID信息,我們還可以通過計算機的SCSI編號來判斷,SCSI 可適用于許多設(shè)備(包括隨機存取設(shè)備,比如磁盤和像磁帶這樣的順序存儲設(shè)備),如下截圖所示,磁盤有個顯示是通過SCSI控制器管理磁盤的,硬盤9對應(yīng)的為SCSI(0:11)
- [root@mylnx01 ~]# ll /dev/disk/by-path | grep '0:11'
 - lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Apr 30 09:53 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:11:0 -> ../../sdj
 - lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Apr 30 09:53 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:11:0-part1 -> ../../sdj1
 - lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Apr 30 09:53 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:11:0-part2 -> ../../sdj2
 - lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Apr 30 09:53 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:11:0-part3 -> ../../sdj3
 - lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Apr 30 09:53 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:11:0-part4 -> ../../sdj4
 - lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Apr 30 09:53 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:11:0-part5 -> ../../sdj5
 - lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Apr 30 09:53 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:11:0-part6 -> ../../sdj6
 - lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Apr 30 09:53 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:11:0-part7 -> ../../sdj7
 - lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Apr 30 09:53 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:11:0-part8 -> ../../sdj8
 - lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Apr 30 09:53 pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:11:0-part9 -> ../../sdj9
 - [root@mylnx01 ~]# ls -l /dev/sdj*
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 144 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 145 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj1
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 146 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj2
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 147 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj3
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 148 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj4
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 149 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj5
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 150 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj6
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 151 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj7
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 152 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj8
 - brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 153 Apr 30 09:53 /dev/sdj9
 
如上所示,我們通過上面命令的輸出信息就可以判斷磁盤9對應(yīng)Linux下的/dev/sdj這個設(shè)備。

















 
 
 


 
 
 
 