JavaScript的兩大類內(nèi)建數(shù)據(jù)類型
JavaScript的數(shù)據(jù)類型在大的方向上分為兩類:1)primitive types and 2)object tyeps。
其一 primitive types包括常規(guī)的 numbers,string, booleans 以及特殊類型的 null 和 undefined。而且以上五類都是immutuable types;
其二,object types 包括object,以及特殊類型的object即array。其他比如 Set,Map,typed array, RegExp and Date types.
一、Numbers
Numeric literal 表示 十六進制,二進制和八進制:
- //integer literals
 - > 0xff
 - 255
 - > 0b1011
 - 11
 - > 0o377
 - 255
 - > 377
 - 377
 - //floating-point literals
 - undefined
 - > 6.02e23
 - 6.02e+23
 - > 1.47e-23
 - 1.47e-23
 - //Arithmetic
 - Math.hypo
 - //Infinity
 - Infinity // A positive number too big to represent
 - Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY // Same value
 - 1/0 // => Infinity
 - Number.MAX_VALUE * 2 // => Infinity; overflow
 - -Infinity // A negative number too big to represent
 - Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY // The same value
 - -1/0 // => -Infinity
 - -Number.MAX_VALUE * 2 // => -Infinity
 - NaN // The not-a-number value
 - Number.NaN // The same value, written another way
 - 0/0 // => NaN
 - Infinity/Infinity // => NaN
 - Number.MIN_VALUE/2 // => 0: underflow
 - -Number.MIN_VALUE/2 // => -0: negative zero
 - -1/Infinity // -> -0: also negative 0
 - -0
 - // The following Number properties are defined in ES6
 - Number.parseInt() // Same as the global parseInt() function
 - Number.parseFloat() // Same as the global parseFloat() function
 - Number.isNaN(x) // Is x the NaN value?
 - Number.isFinite(x) // Is x a number and finite?
 - Number.isInteger(x) // Is x an integer?
 - Number.isSafeInteger(x) // Is x an integer -(2**53) < x < 2**53?
 - Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER // => -(2**53 - 1)
 - Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER // => 2**53 - 1
 - Number.EPSILON // => 2**-52: smallest difference between numbers
 - // 浮點數(shù)
 - 18,437,736,874,454,810,627 只有這么多浮點數(shù),能被表示出來。
 - // rouding problems
 - //BigInt
 - //Date and time
 - let timestamp = Date.now(); // The current time as a timestamp (a number).
 - let now = new Date(); // The current time as a Date object.
 - let ms = now.getTime(); // Convert to a millisecond timestamp.
 - let iso = now.toISOString(); // Convert to a string in standard format.
 
二、String and Text
- // 1.string literals
 - // 2.escape sequences
 - // 3.string methods
 - // 4.template literals (tagged template literals)
 - // 5.Pattern Matching
 - /[1-9][0-9]*/;
 
三、Boolean Values
只有 true 和 false 這兩項。
四、null and undefined
- > typeof(null)
 - 'object'
 
五、Symbols
- let s = Symbol.for("shared");
 - let t = Symbol.for("shared");
 - s === t // => true
 - s.toString() // => "Symbol(shared)"
 - Symbol.keyFor(t) // => "shared"
 
六、Global
- Global constants like undefined, Infinity, and NaN
 - Global functions like isNaN(), parseInt() (§3.9.2), and eval() (§4.12)
 - Constructor functions like Date(), RegExp(), String(), Object(), and Array() (§3.9.2)
 - Global objects like Math and JSON (§6.8)
 
七、Immutable Primitives and Mutable Object Referece
- > function equalArray(a, b) {
 - ... if (a === b) return true;
 - ... if (a.length !== b.length) return false;
 - ... for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
 - ..... if (a[i] !== b[i]) return false;
 - ..... }
 - ... return true;
 - ... }
 
八、Type Conversions
implicite conversion and explicite conversions
九、Variable Declaration and Assignment
- // Destructuring Assignment
 - [x,y] = [x+1,y+1]; // Same as x = x + 1, y = y + 1
 - [x,y] = [y,x]; // Swap the value of the two variables
 - // Same as const sin=Math.sin, cos=Math.cos, tan=Math.tan
 - const {sin, cos, tan} = Math;
 - //此處與python的用法完全一致。
 
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