Golang GinWeb框架9-編譯模板/自定義結(jié)構(gòu)體綁定/http2/操作Cookie
簡(jiǎn)介
本文接著上文(Golang GinWeb框架8-重定向/自定義中間件/認(rèn)證/HTTPS支持/優(yōu)雅重啟等)繼續(xù)探索GinWeb框架.
將模板文件一起編譯為一個(gè)二進(jìn)制單文件
使用go-assets, 你可以將模板文件和服務(wù)一起編譯為一個(gè)二進(jìn)制的單文件, 可以方便快捷的部署該服務(wù). 請(qǐng)參考go資產(chǎn)編譯器go-assets-builder
使用方法:
- 1.下載依賴包
 - go get github.com/gin-gonic/gin
 - go get github.com/jessevdk/go-assets-builder
 - 2.將html文件夾(包含html代碼)生成為go資產(chǎn)文件assets.go
 - go-assets-builder html -o assets.go
 - 3.編譯構(gòu)建,將服務(wù)打包為單二進(jìn)制文件
 - go build -o assets-in-binary
 - 4.運(yùn)行服務(wù)
 - ./assets-in-binary
 
go資產(chǎn)文件go-assets.go參考內(nèi)容如下:
- package main
 - import (
 - "time"
 - "github.com/jessevdk/go-assets"
 - )
 - var _Assetsbfa8d115ce0617d89507412d5393a462f8e9b003 = "<!doctype html>\n<body>\n <p>Can you see this? → {{.Bar}}</p>\n</body>\n"
 - var _Assets3737a75b5254ed1f6d588b40a3449721f9ea86c2 = "<!doctype html>\n<body>\n <p>Hello, {{.Foo}}</p>\n</body>\n"
 - // Assets returns go-assets FileSystem
 - var Assets = assets.NewFileSystem(map[string][]string{"/": {"html"}, "/html": {"bar.tmpl", "index.tmpl"}}, map[string]*assets.File{
 - "/": {
 - Path: "/",
 - FileMode: 0x800001ed,
 - Mtime: time.Unix(1524365738, 1524365738517125470),
 - Data: nil,
 - }, "/html": {
 - Path: "/html",
 - FileMode: 0x800001ed,
 - Mtime: time.Unix(1524365491, 1524365491289799093),
 - Data: nil,
 - }, "/html/bar.tmpl": {
 - Path: "/html/bar.tmpl",
 - FileMode: 0x1a4,
 - Mtime: time.Unix(1524365491, 1524365491289611557),
 - Data: []byte(_Assetsbfa8d115ce0617d89507412d5393a462f8e9b003),
 - }, "/html/index.tmpl": {
 - Path: "/html/index.tmpl",
 - FileMode: 0x1a4,
 - Mtime: time.Unix(1524365491, 1524365491289995821),
 - Data: []byte(_Assets3737a75b5254ed1f6d588b40a3449721f9ea86c2),
 - }}, "")
 
main.go
- package main
 - import (
 - "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 - "io/ioutil"
 - "net/http"
 - "strings"
 - "html/template"
 - )
 - func main() {
 - r := gin.New()
 - t, err := loadTemplate() //加載go-assets-builder生成的模板
 - if err != nil {
 - panic(err)
 - }
 - r.SetHTMLTemplate(t)
 - r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
 - c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "/html/index.tmpl",nil)
 - })
 - r.Run(":8080")
 - }
 - // loadTemplate loads templates embedded by go-assets-builder
 - // 加載go-assets-builder生成的資產(chǎn)文件, 返回模板的地址
 - func loadTemplate() (*template.Template, error) {
 - t := template.New("")
 - for name, file := range Assets.Files {
 - defer file.Close()
 - if file.IsDir() || !strings.HasSuffix(name, ".tmpl") { //跳過(guò)目錄或沒(méi)有.tmpl后綴的文件
 - continue
 - }
 - h, err := ioutil.ReadAll(file)
 - if err != nil {
 - return nil, err
 - }
 - t, err = t.New(name).Parse(string(h)) //新建一個(gè)模板, 文件名做為模板名, 文件內(nèi)容作為模板內(nèi)容
 - if err != nil {
 - return nil, err
 - }
 - }
 - return t, nil
 - }
 
完整示例請(qǐng)查看該目錄
使用自定義的結(jié)構(gòu)綁定請(qǐng)求表單
參考實(shí)例代碼:
- type StructA struct {
 - FieldA string `form:"field_a"`
 - }
 - type StructB struct {
 - NestedStruct StructA
 - FieldB string `form:"field_b"`
 - }
 - type StructC struct {
 - NestedStructPointer *StructA
 - FieldC string `form:"field_c"`
 - }
 - type StructD struct {
 - NestedAnonyStruct struct {
 - FieldX string `form:"field_x"`
 - }
 - FieldD string `form:"field_d"`
 - }
 - func GetDataB(c *gin.Context) {
 - var b StructB
 - c.Bind(&b)
 - c.JSON(200, gin.H{
 - "a": b.NestedStruct,
 - "b": b.FieldB,
 - })
 - }
 - func GetDataC(c *gin.Context) {
 - var b StructC
 - c.Bind(&b)
 - c.JSON(200, gin.H{
 - "a": b.NestedStructPointer,
 - "c": b.FieldC,
 - })
 - }
 - func GetDataD(c *gin.Context) {
 - var b StructD
 - c.Bind(&b)
 - c.JSON(200, gin.H{
 - "x": b.NestedAnonyStruct,
 - "d": b.FieldD,
 - })
 - }
 - func main() {
 - r := gin.Default()
 - r.GET("/getb", GetDataB)
 - r.GET("/getc", GetDataC)
 - r.GET("/getd", GetDataD)
 - r.Run()
 - }
 
使用命令 curl 模擬請(qǐng)求測(cè)試和結(jié)果如下:
- $ curl "http://localhost:8080/getb?field_a=hello&field_b=world"
 - {"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"b":"world"}
 - $ curl "http://localhost:8080/getc?field_a=hello&field_c=world"
 - {"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"c":"world"}
 - $ curl "http://localhost:8080/getd?field_x=hello&field_d=world"
 - {"d":"world","x":{"FieldX":"hello"}}
 
嘗試將請(qǐng)求體綁定到不同的結(jié)構(gòu)
常規(guī)的方法綁定請(qǐng)求體是調(diào)用c.Request.Body, 但是它不能多次被調(diào)用
- type formA struct {
 - Foo string `json:"foo" xml:"foo" binding:"required"`
 - }
 - type formB struct {
 - Bar string `json:"bar" xml:"bar" binding:"required"`
 - }
 - func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 - objA := formA{}
 - objB := formB{}
 - // This c.ShouldBind consumes c.Request.Body and it cannot be reused.
 - // 使用c.ShoudBind消費(fèi)c.Request.Body, 但是它只能調(diào)用一次
 - if errA := c.ShouldBind(&objA); errA == nil {
 - c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
 - // Always an error is occurred by this because c.Request.Body is EOF now.
 - //這里會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò),因?yàn)閏.Request.Body已經(jīng)被消費(fèi), 會(huì)返回文件結(jié)束符EOF
 - } else if errB := c.ShouldBind(&objB); errB == nil {
 - c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB`)
 - } else {
 - ...
 - }
 - }
 
為了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題, 可以使用c.ShouldBindBodyWith方法.
- func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 - objA := formA{}
 - objB := formB{}
 - // This reads c.Request.Body and stores the result into the context.
 - // c.ShouldBindBodyWith方法讀取c.Request.Body,并且將結(jié)果存儲(chǔ)到上下文
 - if errA := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objA, binding.JSON); errA == nil {
 - c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
 - // At this time, it reuses body stored in the context.
 - //再次調(diào)用c.ShouldBindBodyWith時(shí), 可以從上下文中復(fù)用請(qǐng)求體內(nèi)容
 - } else if errB := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.JSON); errB == nil {
 - c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB JSON`)
 - // And it can accepts other formats 也可以接受其他類(lèi)型的綁定,比如XML
 - } else if errB2 := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.XML); errB2 == nil {
 - c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB XML`)
 - } else {
 - ...
 - }
 - }
 
- c.ShouldBindBodyWith 該方法在綁定前, 將請(qǐng)求體存儲(chǔ)到gin上下文中, 所以這會(huì)對(duì)性能有輕微的影響, 所以如果你只打算綁定一次的時(shí)候, 不應(yīng)該使用該方法.
 - 這種方式僅僅支持以下格式: JSON, XML, MsgPack,ProtoBuf. 對(duì)于其他格式, Query, Form, FormPost, FormMultipart, 可以重復(fù)使用c.ShouldBind()方法, 而不會(huì)帶來(lái)類(lèi)似的性能影響, 詳見(jiàn)(#1341)
 
http2服務(wù)推送
為了解決HTTP/1.X的網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源利用率不夠高, 延遲問(wèn)題等, HTTP/2 引入了服務(wù)器推送機(jī)制來(lái)解決這些問(wèn)題.
http.Pusher需要go1.8+版本支持. 詳見(jiàn)golang博客.
- package main
 - import (
 - "html/template"
 - "log"
 - "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 - )
 - //定義html模板
 - var html = template.Must(template.New("https").Parse(`
 - <html>
 - <head>
 - <title>Https Test</title>
 - <script src="/assets/app.js"></script>
 - </head>
 - <body>
 - <h1 style="color:red;">Welcome, Ginner!</h1>
 - </body>
 - </html>
 - `))
 - func main() {
 - r := gin.Default()
 - r.Static("/assets", "./assets")
 - r.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
 - r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
 - if pusher := c.Writer.Pusher(); pusher != nil { //獲取推送器
 - // use pusher.Push() to do server push
 - // 使用pusher.Push()方法執(zhí)行服務(wù)端推送動(dòng)作, 嘗試推送app.js文件
 - if err := pusher.Push("/assets/app.js", nil); err != nil {
 - log.Printf("Failed to push: %v", err)
 - }
 - }
 - c.HTML(200, "https", gin.H{
 - "status": "success",
 - })
 - })
 - // Listen and Server in https://127.0.0.1:8080
 - r.RunTLS(":8080", "./testdata/server.pem", "./testdata/server.key")
 - }
 
定義路由日志格式
默認(rèn)路由日志如下:
- [GIN-debug] POST /foo --> main.main.func1 (3 handlers)
 - [GIN-debug] GET /bar --> main.main.func2 (3 handlers)
 - [GIN-debug] GET /status --> main.main.func3 (3 handlers)
 
如果你想用給定的格式(如:JSON,鍵值對(duì)等)記錄路由日志, 你可以使用gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc方法自定義日志格式, 下面的示例, 我們用日志log標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù)記錄路由器日志, 當(dāng)然你也可以使用其他適合業(yè)務(wù)的日志工具.
- package main
 - import (
 - "log"
 - "net/http"
 - "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 - )
 - func main() {
 - r := gin.Default()
 - //使用DebugPrintRouteFunc設(shè)置路由日志記錄格式, 這里使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù)log包記錄請(qǐng)求方法/請(qǐng)求路徑/控制器名/控制器鏈個(gè)數(shù),
 - gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc = func(httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName string, nuHandlers int) {
 - log.Printf("endpoint %v %v %v %v\n", httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName, nuHandlers)
 - }
 - r.POST("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) {
 - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "foo")
 - })
 - r.GET("/bar", func(c *gin.Context) {
 - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "bar")
 - })
 - r.GET("/status", func(c *gin.Context) {
 - c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "ok")
 - })
 - // Listen and Server in http://0.0.0.0:8080
 - r.Run()
 - }
 
設(shè)置和讀取Cookie
- import (
 - "fmt"
 - "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 - )
 - func main() {
 - router := gin.Default()
 - router.GET("/cookie", func(c *gin.Context) {
 - //讀取Cookie
 - cookie, err := c.Cookie("gin_cookie")
 - if err != nil {
 - cookie = "NotSet"
 - //設(shè)置Cookie
 - c.SetCookie("gin_cookie", "test", 3600, "/", "localhost", false, true)
 - }
 - fmt.Printf("Cookie value: %s \n", cookie)
 - })
 - router.Run()
 - }
 
測(cè)試
推薦使用net/http/httptest 包做HTTP測(cè)試.
- package main
 - func setupRouter() *gin.Engine {
 - r := gin.Default()
 - r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
 - c.String(200, "pong")
 - })
 - return r
 - }
 - func main() {
 - r := setupRouter()
 - r.Run(":8080")
 - }
 
測(cè)試代碼示例:
- package main
 - import (
 - "net/http"
 - "net/http/httptest"
 - "testing"
 - "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 - )
 - func TestPingRoute(t *testing.T) {
 - router := setupRouter()
 - w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 - req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/ping", nil)
 - router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
 - //斷言
 - assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
 - assert.Equal(t, "pong", w.Body.String())
 - }
 
Gin框架用戶
其他優(yōu)質(zhì)的項(xiàng)目也使用GinWeb框架.
- gorush: 一個(gè)用GO實(shí)現(xiàn)的推送通知系統(tǒng)
 - fnproject: 原生容器化, 無(wú)服務(wù)的跨云平臺(tái)
 - photoprism: 使用Go和Google的TensorFlow框架支持的個(gè)人照片管理
 - krakend: 帶有中間件的極致高性能API網(wǎng)關(guān)
 - picfit: 使用Go實(shí)現(xiàn)的一款圖片編輯服務(wù)器
 - brigade: 為Kubernetes服務(wù)的基于事件驅(qū)動(dòng)的腳本
 - dkron: 分布式, 可靠的任務(wù)調(diào)度系統(tǒng)
 
參考文檔
Gin官方倉(cāng)庫(kù):https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin
















 
 
 










 
 
 
 