Android與服務(wù)器端數(shù)據(jù)交互
作者：佚名
采用HttpClient向服務(wù)器端action請(qǐng)求數(shù)據(jù)，當(dāng)然調(diào)用服務(wù)器端方法獲取數(shù)據(jù)并不止這一種WebService也可以為我們提供所需數(shù)據(jù)，那么什么是webService呢？，它是一種基于SAOP協(xié)議的遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，通過webservice可以將不同操作系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)，不同語言，不同技術(shù)整合到一起。
實(shí)現(xiàn)Android與服務(wù)器端數(shù)據(jù)交互，我們?cè)赑C機(jī)器java客戶端中，需要一些庫(kù)，比如XFire,Axis2,CXF等等來支持訪問WebService，但是這些庫(kù)并不適合我們資源有限的android手機(jī)客戶端，做過JAVA ME的人都知道有KSOAP這個(gè)第三方的類庫(kù)，可以幫助我們獲取服務(wù)器端webService調(diào)用，當(dāng)然KSOAP已經(jīng)提供了基于android版本的jar包了，那么我們就開始吧：
首先下載KSOAP包：
- ksoap2-android-assembly-2.5.2-jar-with-dependencies.jar
然后新建android項(xiàng)目：并把下載的KSOAP包放在android項(xiàng)目的lib目錄下：右鍵->build path->configure build path--選擇Libraries，如圖：
以下分為七個(gè)步驟來調(diào)用WebService方法：
1、實(shí)例化SoapObject 對(duì)象，指定webService的命名空間（從相關(guān)WSDL文檔中可以查看命名空間），以及調(diào)用方法名稱。如：
- //命名空間
- private static final String serviceNameSpace="http://WebXml.com.cn/";
- //調(diào)用方法(獲得支持的城市)
- private static final String getSupportCity="getSupportCity";
- //實(shí)例化SoapObject對(duì)象
- SoapObject request=new SoapObject(serviceNameSpace, getSupportCity);
2、假設(shè)方法有參數(shù)的話,設(shè)置調(diào)用方法參數(shù)
- request.addProperty("參數(shù)名稱","參數(shù)值");
3、設(shè)置SOAP請(qǐng)求信息(參數(shù)部分為SOAP協(xié)議版本號(hào)，與你要調(diào)用的webService中版本號(hào)一致):
- //獲得序列化的Envelope
- SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
- envelope.bodyOut=request;
4、注冊(cè)Envelope,
- (new MarshalBase64()).register(envelope);
5、構(gòu)建傳輸對(duì)象，并指明WSDL文檔URL：
- //請(qǐng)求URL
- private static final String serviceURL="http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/weatherwebservice.asmx";
- //Android傳輸對(duì)象
- AndroidHttpTransport transport=new AndroidHttpTransport(serviceURL);
- transport.debug=true;
6、調(diào)用WebService(其中參數(shù)為1：命名空間+方法名稱，2：Envelope對(duì)象):
- transport.call(serviceNameSpace+getWeatherbyCityName, envelope);
7、解析返回?cái)?shù)據(jù)：
- if(envelope.getResponse()!=null){
- return parse(envelope.bodyIn.toString());
- }
- /**************
- * 解析XML
- * @param str
- * @return
- */
- private static List<String> parse(String str){
- String temp;
- List<String> list=new ArrayList<String>();
- if(str!=null && str.length()>0){
- int start=str.indexOf("string");
- int end=str.lastIndexOf(";");
- temp=str.substring(start, end-3);
- String []test=temp.split(";");
- for(int i=0;i<test.length;i++){
- if(i==0){
- temp=test[i].substring(7);
- }else{
- temp=test[i].substring(8);
- }
- int index=temp.indexOf(",");
- list.add(temp.substring(0, index));
- }
- }
- return list;
- }
這樣就成功啦。那么現(xiàn)在我們就來測(cè)試下吧，這里有個(gè)地址提供webService天氣預(yù)報(bào)的服務(wù)的，我這里只提供獲取城市列表：
- //命名空間
- private static final String serviceNameSpace="http://WebXml.com.cn/";
- //請(qǐng)求URL
- private static final String serviceURL="http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/weatherwebservice.asmx";
- //調(diào)用方法(獲得支持的城市)
- private static final String getSupportCity="getSupportCity";
- //調(diào)用城市的方法(需要帶參數(shù))
- private static final String getWeatherbyCityName="getWeatherbyCityName";
- //調(diào)用省或者直轄市的方法(獲得支持的省份或直轄市)
- private static final String getSupportProvince="getSupportProvince";
#p#
我們選擇獲取國(guó)內(nèi)外主要城市或者省份的方法吧：getSupportProvice,然后調(diào)用，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)瀏覽器返回給我們的是xml文檔：
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
- <ArrayOfString xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
- xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">
- <string>直轄市</string>
- <string>特別行政區(qū)</string>
- <string>黑龍江</string>
- <string>吉林</string>
- <string>遼寧</string>
- <string>內(nèi)蒙古</string>
- <string>河北</string>
- <string>河南</string>
- <string>山東</string>
- <string>山西</string>
- <string>江蘇</string>
- <string>安徽</string>
- <string>陜西</string>
- <string>寧夏</string>
- <string>甘肅</string>
- <string>青海</string>
- <string>湖北</string>
- <string>湖南</string>
- <string>浙江</string>
- <string>江西</string>
- <string>福建</string>
- <string>貴州</string>
- <string>四川</string>
- <string>廣東</string>
- <string>廣西</string>
- <string>云南</string>
- <string>海南</string>
- <string>新疆</string>
- <string>西藏</string>
- <string>臺(tái)灣</string>
- <string>亞洲</string>
- <string>歐洲</string>
- <string>非洲</string>
- <string>北美洲</string>
- <string>南美洲</string>
- <string>大洋洲</string>
- </ArrayOfString>
我們可以用 listview來顯示：
那么下面我將給出全部代碼：
- public class WebServiceHelper {
- //WSDL文檔中的命名空間
- private static final
- String targetNameSpace="http://WebXml.com.cn/"; //WSDL文檔中的URL
- private static final
- String WSDL="http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx?wsdl";
- //需要調(diào)用的方法名(獲得本天氣預(yù)報(bào)Web Services支持的洲、國(guó)內(nèi)外省份和城市信息)
- private static final String getSupportProvince="getSupportProvince";
- //需要調(diào)用的方法名(獲得本天氣預(yù)報(bào)Web Services支持的城市信息,根據(jù)省份查詢城市集合：帶參數(shù))
- private static final String getSupportCity="getSupportCity";
- //根據(jù)城市或地區(qū)名稱查詢獲得未來三天內(nèi)天氣情況、現(xiàn)在的天氣實(shí)況、天氣和生活指數(shù)
- private static final String getWeatherbyCityName="getWeatherbyCityName";
- /********
- * 獲得州，國(guó)內(nèi)外省份和城市信息
- * @return
- */
- public List<String> getProvince(){
- List<String>
- provinces=new ArrayList<String>();
- String str="";
- SoapObject soapObject=new SoapObject(targetNameSpace,getSupportProvince);
- //request.addProperty("參數(shù)", "參數(shù)值");調(diào)用的方法參數(shù)與參數(shù)值（根據(jù)具體需要可選可不選）
- SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
- envelope.dotNet=true;
- envelope.setOutputSoapObject(soapObject);//envelope.bodyOut=request;
- AndroidHttpTransport httpTranstation=new AndroidHttpTransport(WSDL);
- //或者HttpTransportSE httpTranstation=new HttpTransportSE(WSDL);
- try {
- httpTranstation.call(targetNameSpace+getSupportProvince, envelope);
- SoapObject result=(SoapObject)envelope.getResponse();
- //下面對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行解析，結(jié)構(gòu)類似json對(duì)象
- //str=(String) result.getProperty(6).toString();
- int count=result.getPropertyCount();
- for(int index=0;index<count;index++){
- provinces.add(result.getProperty(index).toString());
- }
- } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (XmlPullParserException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return provinces;
- }
- /**********
- * 根據(jù)省份或者直轄市獲取天氣預(yù)報(bào)所支持的城市集合
- * @param province
- * @return
- */
- public List<String> getCitys(String province){
- List<String> citys=new ArrayList<String>();
- SoapObject soapObject=new SoapObject(targetNameSpace,getSupportCity);
- soapObject.addProperty("byProvinceName", province);
- SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
- envelope.dotNet=true;
- envelope.setOutputSoapObject(soapObject);
- AndroidHttpTransport httpTransport=new AndroidHttpTransport(WSDL);
- try {
- httpTransport.call(targetNameSpace+getSupportCity, envelope);
- SoapObject result=(SoapObject)envelope.getResponse();
- int count=result.getPropertyCount();
- for(int index=0;index<count;index++){
- citys.add(result.getProperty(index).toString());
- }
- } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (XmlPullParserException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return citys;
- }
- /***************************
- * 根據(jù)城市信息獲取天氣預(yù)報(bào)信息
- * @param city
- * @return
- ***************************/
- public WeatherBean getWeatherByCity(String city){
- WeatherBean bean=new WeatherBean();
- SoapObject soapObject=new SoapObject(targetNameSpace,getWeatherbyCityName);
- soapObject.addProperty("theCityName",city);//調(diào)用的方法參數(shù)與參數(shù)值（根據(jù)具體需要可選可不選）
- SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
- envelope.dotNet=true;
- envelope.setOutputSoapObject(soapObject);//envelope.bodyOut=request;
- AndroidHttpTransport httpTranstation=new AndroidHttpTransport(WSDL);
- //或者HttpTransportSE httpTranstation=new HttpTransportSE(WSDL);
- try {
- httpTranstation.call(targetNameSpace+getWeatherbyCityName, envelope);
- SoapObject result=(SoapObject)envelope.getResponse();
- //下面對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行解析，結(jié)構(gòu)類似json對(duì)象
- bean=parserWeather(result);
- } catch (IOException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return bean;
- }
- /**
- * 解析返回的結(jié)果
- * @param soapObject
- */
- protected WeatherBean parserWeather(SoapObject soapObject){
- WeatherBean bean=new WeatherBean();
- List<Map<String,Object>> list=new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();
- Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<String,Object>();//城市名
- bean.setCityName(soapObject.getProperty(1).toString());//城市簡(jiǎn)介
- bean.setCityDescription(soapObject.getProperty(soapObject.getPropertyCount()-1).toString());
- bean.setLiveWeather(soapObject.getProperty(10).toString()+"\n"+soapObject.getProperty(11).toString()); //其他數(shù)據(jù) //日期，
- String date=soapObject.getProperty(6).toString();
- String weatherToday="今天：" + date.split(" ")[0];
- weatherToday+="\n天氣："+ date.split(" ")[1];
- weatherToday+="\n氣溫："+soapObject.getProperty(5).toString();
- weatherToday+="\n風(fēng)力："+soapObject.getProperty(7).toString();
- weatherToday+="\n";
- List<Integer> icons=new ArrayList<Integer>();
- icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(8).toString()));
- icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(9).toString()));
- map.put("weatherDay", weatherToday);
- map.put("icons",icons);
- list.add(map);
- map=new HashMap<String,Object>();
- date=soapObject.getProperty(13).toString();
- String weatherTomorrow="明天：" + date.split(" ")[0];
- weatherTomorrow+="\n天氣："+ date.split(" ")[1];
- weatherTomorrow+="\n氣溫："+soapObject.getProperty(12).toString();
- weatherTomorrow+="\n風(fēng)力："+soapObject.getProperty(14).toString();
- weatherTomorrow+="\n";
- icons=new ArrayList<Integer>();
- icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(15).toString()));
- icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(16).toString()));
- map.put("weatherDay", weatherTomorrow);
- map.put("icons",icons);
- list.add(map);
- map=new HashMap<String,Object>();
- date=soapObject.getProperty(18).toString();
- String weatherAfterTomorrow="后天：" + date.split(" ")[0];
- weatherAfterTomorrow+="\n天氣："+ date.split(" ")[1];
- weatherAfterTomorrow+="\n氣溫："+soapObject.getProperty(17).toString();
- weatherAfterTomorrow+="\n風(fēng)力："+soapObject.getProperty(19).toString();
- weatherAfterTomorrow+="\n";
- icons=new ArrayList<Integer>();
- icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(20).toString()));
- icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(21).toString()));
- map.put("weatherDay", weatherAfterTomorrow);
- map.put("icons",icons);
- list.add(map);
- bean.setList(list);
- return bean;
- } //解析圖標(biāo)字符串
- private int parseIcon(String data){
- // 0.gif，返回名稱0,
- int resID=32;
- String result=data.substring(0, data.length()-4).trim();
- // String []icon=data.split(".");
- // String result=icon[0].trim();
- // Log.e("this is the icon", result.trim());
- if(!result.equals("nothing")){
- resID=Integer.parseInt(result.trim());
- }
- return resID;
- //return ("a_"+data).split(".")[0];
- }
- }
上就是我所作的查詢天氣預(yù)報(bào)的全部核心代碼了，讀者可以根據(jù)注釋以及本文章了解下具體實(shí)現(xiàn)，相信很快就搞明白了，運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下：
到此結(jié)束，下一節(jié)主要是socket通信了。
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