在反向代理的配置中，nginx的服務(wù)器負(fù)載均衡存在很多優(yōu)勢，不少企業(yè)都用這種軟件環(huán)境進行業(yè)務(wù)流程。那么現(xiàn)在就來為大家介紹一下nginx負(fù)載均衡器的軟件配置過程。包含的內(nèi)容比較多，那么大家可以仔細(xì)瀏覽一下。

Nginx負(fù)載均衡器的優(yōu)點許多,簡單概括為:

①實現(xiàn)了可彈性化的架構(gòu),在壓力增大的時候可以臨時添加tomcat服務(wù)器添加到這個架構(gòu)里面去;

②upstream具有負(fù)載均衡能力,可以自動判斷下面的機器,并且自動踢出不能正常提供服務(wù)的機器;而Keepalvied可保證單個nginx負(fù)載均衡器的有效性,避免單點故障.

IP地址

nginx(主負(fù)載均衡器):192.168.1.106
nginx(從負(fù)載均衡器):192.168.1.107
VIP地址:192.168.1.108
tomcat1的IP:192.168.1.102
tomcat2的IP:192.168.1.103
tomcat3的IP:192.168.1.105

布置整個環(huán)境用到的軟件為:

apache-tomcat-6.0.20.tar.gz  
jdk-6u16-linux-i586.bin  
nginx-0.7.17.tar.gz  
prce-7.7.tar.gz 

①首先分別在3臺tomcat主機上布置java環(huán)境,安裝tomcat,具體步驟為:

安裝java環(huán)境:

JDK的安裝  
#chmod +x jdk-6u16-linux-i586.bin  
#./jdk-6u16-linux-i586.bin  
到此JDK已經(jīng)安裝完成  
建立符號鏈接  
# ln -s /usr/local/jdk-1.6.0-16/bin/java /usr/bin/java  
# ln -s /usr/local/jdk-1.6.0-16/bin/javac /usr/bin/javac  
ln -s /usr/local/jdk-1.6.0-16 /usr/local/jdk  
ln -s /usr/local/jdk-1.6.0-16/jre /usr/local/jre  
TOMCAT的安裝  
#tar zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.20.tar.gz  
#mv apache-tomcat-6.0.20 /usr/local/tomcat 

設(shè)置環(huán)境變量: vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local,以追加的形式添加如下內(nèi)容

JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk  
export JAVA_HOME  
JRE_HOME=/usr/local/jre  
export JRE_HOME  
CLASSPATH=/usr/local/tomcat/common/lib/:/usr/local/jdk/lib:/usr/local/jre/lib  
export CLASSPATH  
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/:/usr/local/apache/bin:/usr/local/jdk/bin:/usr/local/jre/bin  
export PATH  
TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat  
export TOMCAT_HOME  
重啟服務(wù)器,啟動tomcat以檢查是否存在錯誤:  
#cd /usr/local/tomcat/bin  
#./startup.sh  
http://IP地址:8080 可以看到貓頭:)成功了｡ 

#p#②分別在二臺nginx負(fù)載均衡器上安裝nginx及配置

下載及安裝nginx:

wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.7.tar.gz  
tar zxvf pcre-7.7.tar.gz  
cd pcre-7.7/  
./configure  
make && make install  
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.17.tar.gz  
tar zxvf nginx-0.7.17.tar.gz  
cd nginx-0.7.17/  
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module  
make && make install 

這里貼上nginx.conf配置文件,不加任何說明,方便用X-shell直接粘貼,很人性化的噢:)二個nginx負(fù)載均衡器的文件一樣,配置完成后分別用/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx啟動｡

user nobody nobody;  
worker_processes 1;  
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;  
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;  
events  
{  
use epoll;  
worker_connections 51200;  
}  
http{  
include       mime.types;  
default_type application/octet-stream;  
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;  
client_header_buffer_size 32k;  
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;  
client_max_body_size 8m;  
sendfile on;  
tcp_nopush     on;  
keepalive_timeout 60;  
tcp_nodelay on;  
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;  
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;  
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;  
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;  
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;  
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;  
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;  
gzip on;  
gzip_min_length 1k;  
gzip_buffers     4 16k;  
gzip_http_version 1.0;  
gzip_comp_level 2;  
gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;  
gzip_vary on;  
upstream backend  
{  
server 192.168.1.102:8080;  
server 192.168.1.103:8080;  
server 192.168.1.105:8080;  
}  
server {  
listen 80;  
server_name www.yuhongchun027.com;  
location / {  
root /var/www ;  
index index.jsp index.htm index.html;  
proxy_redirect off;  
proxy_set_header Host $host;  
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;  
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;  
proxy_pass http://backend;  
}  
 
#location /nginx {  
#access_log on;  
#auth_basic "NginxStatus";  
#auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/htpasswd;  
#}  
log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' 
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' 
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';  
access_log /var/log/access.log access;  
}  
} 

#p#③在二臺Nginx機上安裝及配置keepalived,做雙機互備｡

#wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.1.15.tar.gz  
#tar zxvf keepalived-1.1.15.tar.gz  
#cd keepalived-1.1.15  
#./configure  
#make  
#make install  
將keepalived做成啟動腳務(wù),方便管理:  
#cp /usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/  
#cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/  
#mkdir /etc/keepalived  
#cp /usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/  
#cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/  
#service keepalived start|stop 

在二臺Nginx上,我分別貼出keepalived.conf配置文件,配置完成后分別用service keepalived start啟動｡檢驗keepalived是否成功可用命令

ip avrrp_instance VI_INET1 {  
        state MASTER  
        interface eth0  
        virtual_router_id 53  
        priority 200  
        advert_int 1  
        authentication {  
                auth_type pass  
                auth_pass yourpass  
        }  
        virtual_ipaddress {  
                192.168.1.108  
        }  
}  
 
vrrp_instance VI_INET1 {  
        state BACKUP  
        interface eth0  
        virtual_router_id 53  
        priority 100  
        advert_int 1  
        authentication {  
                auth_type pass  
                auth_pass yourpass  
        }  
        virtual_ipaddress {  
                192.168.1.108  
        }  
} 

以上三步完成nginx負(fù)載均衡設(shè)置后,就是檢測了,大家可任意停掉其中一臺的任何服務(wù);在正常結(jié)果中大家應(yīng)該發(fā)現(xiàn),其中任意一臺服務(wù)器宕機后,不影響整個系統(tǒng)的運作｡